Intersection of Women's Empowerment and Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Investigation of the Empowerment Theory of Change and its Practical Implications

Abstract

Background: Women's empowerment and entrepreneurship affect the status of women in society, decision-making in a household and control over the resources in an economy, which will strengthen the economic growth of the country. Research Aim: The primary aim of this work is to study the landscape of women’s entrepreneurship in Pakistan by applying the Empowerment Theory of Change. Methodology: Qualitative, comprehensive literature analysis examines Pakistan's complex women's empowerment-entrepreneurship nexus. The study covers gender inequality, resource availability, and socio-cultural barriers for Pakistani female entrepreneurs. The Theory of Change is used to explore Pakistani women's empowerment and entrepreneurship. Findings: It was noted that the women who are empowered are more encouraged and motivated to start their careers as an entrepreneurs. It was observed the multiple challenges faced the women in Pakistan, include social norms, lack of access to resources, low literacy rate and institutional barriers. Conclusion: In conclusion, with the application of the Empowerment Theory of Change, the number of entry points was found that can contribute to women's empowerment to entrepreneurship in Pakistan.