Intersectin 1: a versatile actor in the synaptic vesicle cycle

Abstract

During neurotransmitter release, SVs (synaptic vesicles) fuse at the active zone and are recovered predominantly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the presynaptic compartment surrounding the site of release, referred to as the periactive zone. Exo- and endo-cytosis in synapses are tightly temporarily and spatially coupled to sustain synaptic transmission. The molecular mechanisms linking these two cellular events, which take place in separate compartments of the nerve terminal, remain largely enigmatic. Several lines of evidence indicate that multiple factors may be involved in exocytic-endocytic coupling including SV integral membrane proteins, SV membrane lipids and the membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton. A number of recent studies also indicate that multimodular adaptor proteins shuttling between the active and periactive zones aid the dynamic assembly of macromolecular protein complexes that execute the exo- and endo-cytic limbs of the SV cycle. Here, we discuss recent evidence implicating the multidomain scaffolding and adaptor protein ITSN1 (intersectin 1) as a central regulator of SV cycling.