Abstract
Continued expansion of the chemical biology toolbox presents many new and diverse opportunities to interrogate the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving complex plant–microbe interactions. This review will examine metabolic labeling with click chemistry reagents and activity-based probes for investigating the impacts of plant-associated microbes on plant growth, metabolism, and immune responses. While the majority of the studies reviewed here used chemical biology approaches to examine the effects of pathogens on plants, chemical biology will also be invaluable in future efforts to investigate mutualistic associations between beneficial microbes and their plant hosts.
Highlights
A diverse array of chemical biology tools and approaches has been developed for investigating biological questions in a wide variety of systems, spanning single-cell organisms to plant and animal models, as well as humans
Previous work using the DCG-04 probe to examine this citrus disease demonstrated that the Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) secreted protein Sec-delivered effector 1 (SDE1) inhibited host papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) CsRD21a and other PLCP activities, suggesting this pathogen effector has a key role in infection [47]
The technologies and approaches summarized in this review are only a small selection of the chemical biology tools available for probing complex interkingdom interactions
Summary
A diverse array of chemical biology tools and approaches has been developed for investigating biological questions in a wide variety of systems, spanning single-cell organisms to plant and animal models, as well as humans. Researchers are delving into systems of higher and higher complexity, including microbiomes containing hundreds to thousands of different species, many of which have not yet been identified. Given this ongoing exploration, the flexible and versatile chemical biology toolbox offers unique opportunities to elucidate biological processes even in poorly characterized systems, such as gut and soil microbiomes [1,2,3]. As a relatively young field, chemical biology encompasses a broad range of tools and approaches focused on using chemistry to gain a deeper understanding of biological processes; advances in the chemical biology toolbox, present new avenues for interrogating the diverse signaling pathways and chemical dynamics between plants and microbes. The use of metabolic labeling and additional tools and approaches for studying translation in plants have been reviewed by Mazzoni-Putnam and Stepanova [13], and ABPs applied to plant systems have been reviewed previously in excellent detail by Overkleeft, van der Hoorn, and colleagues [14,15]
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