Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the interrater and intrarater reliability of electrical impedance myography (EIM) using handheld sensors of different sizes. Electrical impedance myography of the biceps brachii muscle of twenty healthy individuals was performed by two raters using both large and small sensors. The procedures were also repeated 5 to 8 days after the first recording session. The repeatability of the resistance, reactance, and phase angle at two different current frequencies (50 and 100 kHz) was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICCs of the large sensor were higher than those of the small sensor for both the intrarater and interrater reliabilities. High-frequency current tended to improve the ICC for the small sensor. These results indicate reasonable repeatability of the handheld electrode arrays for EIM measurements. The findings suggest that electrode array should be selected appropriately according to the size of the tested muscle.
Highlights
Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a noninvasive and bioimpedance-based technique that assesses muscle health by applying very low-amplitude, high-frequency current through a localized area of tissue
A summary of the between-days and within-day longitudinal biceps EIM measurements is shown in Tables 1 and 2. e intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of all parameters recorded at 50 kHz and 100 kHz range between 0.90 to 0.98 for the large sensor and between 0.44 and 0.97 for the small sensor
We note that the ICC value of 50 kHz reactance using the small sensor was 0.440, which indicates poor reliability. e ICCs of the large sensor are higher than the small sensor in all parameters for between-days interrater measurements and within-day measurements. e ICC values recorded by the small sensor at 100 kHz were consistently higher than those recorded at 50 kHz in all parameters, except for reactance, for between-days and within-day measurements
Summary
Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a noninvasive and bioimpedance-based technique that assesses muscle health by applying very low-amplitude (usually a few milliamperes), high-frequency current through a localized area of tissue. It measures the resulting voltage with sensing electrodes on the skin [1]. Electrical impedance myography can be used as a biomarker of neuromuscular diseases given that pathological changes (such as muscle atrophy, muscle fiber denervation/reinnervation, and the development of increasing intramuscular fat and connective tissue, etc.) will collectively influence normal impedance characteristics [3]. A handheld electrode array (HEA) that has been recently developed provides localized voltage and current electrodes for measuring EIM and has demonstrated
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