Abstract
Aim: To establish a new clinical index to evaluate the presence of hypo-hypertelorism with greater accuracy. Material and Methods: After screening a wide range of population, 310 elementary school children (185 boys, 125 girls) aged 7–15 years were included in this study. For this cross-sectional study, a millimetre ruler was used. The anatomical interpupillary distance was measured by a modified Viktorin's method. In addition, inner and outer intercanthal distances were obtained. The data were analyzed by Student's t -test for two independent samples using SPSS for Windows. There were children with clinical hypertelorism (n=92, group 1), children with large fronto-occipital circumference (FOC) (n=101, group 2), and age- and sex-matched normal controls (n=117, group 3). Due to variations in FOC among healthy subjects, we introduced a new practical concept for evaluation of interpupillary distance, namely the interpupillary index, the simple product obtained by dividing the interpupillary distance by the FOC, multiplied by 100. Results: The overall idiopathic benign macrocephalic children (group 2) had significantly (p<0.001) larger interpupillary distances (6.13±0.36 cm) and FOCs (56.99±1.46 cm) than those of normal controls (5.70±0.26 cm and 52.82±1.22 cm, respectively). But, the difference between the combined product of interpupillary distance and FOC, the interpupillary index, was not significant (10.76±0.50 and 10.79±0.35, respectively) (p>0.05). On the other hand, the children with hypertelorism had significantly (p<0.001) larger interpupillary distances (6.47±0.29 cm) and FOCs (54.90±2.18 cm) when compared with the controls. In addition, the interpupillary index was significantly (p<0.001) higher (11.80±0.45) than both macrocephalic children (10.76±0.50) and controls (10.79±0.35). Intercanthal distances and intercanthal index of hyperteloric children were also significantly (p<0.001) larger than both macrocephalic children and controls. Conclusion: This new index offers a new concept for more accurate evaluation of the presence of ocular hypo-hypertelorism.
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