Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the commonly used statistical tests in four major orthodontic journals for the year 1997. Journals included the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, the Angle Orthodontist, the British Journal of Orthodontics, and the European Journal of Orthodontics. In addition, occurrence of statistical errors in biomedical literature was addressed. The correct use of statistical tests was emphasized, and included the use of parametric versus nonparametric tests, tests of normality and homogeneity of variance, one-tailed versus two-tailed tests, the importance of randomization, the distinction between independent and paired samples, use of standard deviation versus standard error, the problems of statistical inference and significance, and the null hypothesis.
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