Abstract
Abstract We studied the applicability of Step Rate Tests (SRTs) for estimation of suitable injection gradients and reviewed various diagnostic plots to examine their relationship with injection rate and pressure. While dealing with multi-layered systems and those consisting of unconsolidated formations and examining the causes of injection increase seen, we identified some shortfalls associated with the SRT procedure. We also examined the force balance of formation response to injection gradients and concluded that formation resistance to water injection changes with time. That means the injection gradient to maintain constant injectivity is affected by the near wellbore conditions and as such, has a dynamic nature and can change with time. For unconsolidated formations, changes in pore pressure may also affect the rock effective permeability which alone can influence the required injection gradients.
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