Abstract

A common misconception in statistics is that a lack of statistical significance (P .05) onstitutes proof of no effect. In fact, this conclusion does not follow. Just as large samples ay yield small P values even when effects are trivial, important effects may miss statistical ignificance if the sample size is small, the outcome is rare, or the variability is high. This rticle reviews false-negative results and statistical power, the meaning of null results, and ow one should approach “proving a negative.”

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