Abstract
The historical development of interpreting precedes that of recorded history. In a sense interpretation has always existed, for with the evolution of human speech and with the differentiation of regional dialects and linguistic stocks, there came the need for intermediaries able to communicate across linguistic and cultural barriers. Formal court interpreting, however, is a relatively young profession; its genesis can be traced to the Nuremberg and Japan War Crimes Trials of 1945. In the United States official recognition of the profession was conferred on October 28, 1978, when the Court Interpreters Act, Public Law 95-539, was signed into law by President Carter. With this Act, which provides for interpretation services in all criminal and civil actions in the Federal district courts where the United States is plaintiff, the Congress of the United States acknowledged that court interpreting is a highly specialized profession and not simply a function that any bilingual person can perform. Sponsors of a bill to amend the Court Interpreters Act of 1978-presented in the U.S. Senate on November 14, 1985write that failure to provide competent interpretation services to non-English speaking persons and the hearing-impaired in Federal judiciary proceeding:
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