‘Interpreted space’ as a mediator between physical environment and situated substance use: outline of a socio-spatial theory for substance use prevention

Abstract

Environmental approaches to substance use prevention currently rely on a behaviorist paradigm. On this theoretical foundation, useful intervention strategies may be overlooked, and effectiveness may be limited. To address these issues, this study drew on Löw’s ‘sociology of space’ to develop a socio-spatial theory for prevention research. Salient dimensions of everyday settings (e.g. home, bar) were identified through mixed-methods research with 24 female university students who were current users of alcohol or cigarettes. Situational pathways explored the event-level interplay of these dimensions with other factors in relation to situational substance use and abstinence. On this basis, the article proposes a visual theory which outlines three mediating steps between physical environment and situated substance use outcomes: perceived space (construal of manifest aspects); interpreted space (construal of latent aspects); and momentary thoughts and feelings. Personal and cultural factors moderate this process. The theory is illustrated using three pathways in smoking ban contexts. The findings can inform intervention design and research into contextual factors of substance use by outlining a mechanism with specified variables, highlighting the role of subjective meaning-making, and suggesting specific environmental aspects for future consideration.