Abstract
This paper explores the contrasting interpretations of the Self (Atman) in two major schools of Hindu philosophy: Advaita Vedanta and Dvaita Vedanta. Advaita, led by Adi Shankara, posits a non-dualistic view, asserting that Atman and Brahman (the ultimate reality) are identical, and the experience of separateness is an illusion (maya). Dvaita, founded by Madhva, presents a dualistic framework, emphasizing the eternal distinction between the individual self and Brahman, advocating devotion to a personal God. This comparative study delves into the metaphysical, theological, and spiritual implications of these differing views, shaping Hindu understanding of liberation (moksha).
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