Interpretation of Fatal, Multiple, and Exiting Gunshot Wounds by Trauma Specialists

Abstract

Firearm-related injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Trauma care centers and trauma specialists (emergency medicine, trauma surgery, and neurosurgery) provide emergency care for those injured and mortally wounded from firearms. Consequently, trauma specialists may be asked to address forensic questions regarding gunshot wounds. Many firearm-related injuries are nonfatal and ultimately, fatal gunshot wounds can suffer from surgical alteration or, if the time interval between injury and death is prolonged, considerable healing of entrance and exit wounds may occur. Thus, accurate initial evaluation of firearm-related injuries is essential. We reviewed all firearm-related fatalities at our institution over the last five and a half years. Our objective was to determine how accurately trauma specialists can differentiate entrance and exit wounds in fatal perforating (exiting) gunshot wounds and determine the number of penetrating or perforating projectiles in fatal multiple gunshot wounds. A total of 271 fatal gunshot wound deaths were reviewed. Of these, we excluded all fatal penetrating (nonexiting) single gunshot wounds and fatalities not evaluated by trauma specialists. Postmortem findings were compared with the medical records from those individuals seen in the emergency department and/or admitted to North Carolina Baptist Hospital (Level I trauma center). Forty six cases with fatal multiple or exiting gunshot wounds were identified. Twenty four (52.2%) were misinterpreted by trauma specialists. Errors included inaccurate determination of the total number of multiple penetrating and/or perforating gunshot wounds and erroneous identification of entrance and exit wounds. Of the exiting, single gunshot wounds 37% were misclassified and 73.6% of multiple gunshot wounds were interpreted incorrectly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)