Abstract
Variational principles for lower bounds to the energy, or free energy for T > 0°, of many-body systems are obtained in a form requiring density matrix minimization subject to certain model restrictions. The latter restrict the domain in which the density matrices can vary, and only utilize the energy—or free energy—for the model Hamiltonian HM. Increasingly accurate bounds are obtained as the model system begins to resemble the system of interest, and the behavior of the error as H − HM approaches zero is shown by two examples based upon the Ising model. Coupling the lower bound principle for the free energy with the standard Gibbs-Bogoliubov upper bound principle results in bounds on generalized susceptibility as well.
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