Abstract
Background: Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) are accepted indicators of diet quality, which have an effect on diet–disease relationships. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations of dietary TAC, GI, and GL with variables related to nutritive status and insulin resistance (IR) risk in cardiometabolic subjects. Methods: A total of 112 overweight or obese adults (age: 50.8 ± 9 years old) were included in the trial. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was also used to calculate the dietary TAC, GI, and GL. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), glycemic and lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as fatty liver quantification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were assessed. Results: Subjects with higher values of TAC had significantly lower circulating insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants with higher values of HOMA-IR showed significantly higher GI and GL. Correlation analyses showed relevant inverse associations of GI and GL with TAC. A regression model evidenced a relationship of HOMA-IR with TAC, GI, and GL. Conclusion: This data reinforces the concept that dietary TAC, GI, and GL are potential markers of diet quality, which have an impact on the susceptible population with a cardiometabolic risk profile.
Highlights
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized as a contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among others [1]
According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria [13], 68.5% of subjects suffered from metabolic syndrome and 8.6% suffered from diabetes mellitus
The main result obtained in this work was that dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was associated with insulin resistance
Summary
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized as a contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among others [1]. Dietary antioxidant intake is being considered as a protective factor against cell oxidative damage and related metabolic complications [4]. It has been suggested that a dietary pattern characterized by high antioxidant capacity could be inversely related to the development of IR, cardiovascular events, or other metabolic disruptions, providing potential benefits to health [5]. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) are accepted indicators of diet quality, which have an effect on diet–disease relationships. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential associations of dietary TAC, GI, and GL with variables related to nutritive status and insulin resistance (IR) risk in cardiometabolic subjects. Results: Subjects with higher values of TAC had significantly lower circulating insulin concentration and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Conclusion: This data reinforces the concept that dietary TAC, GI, and GL are potential markers of diet quality, which have an impact on the susceptible population with a cardiometabolic risk profile
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