Abstract
Chlorophyll biosynthesis is one of the most important cellular processes and is essential for plant photosynthesis. After germination under the soil, dark-grown seedlings are etiolated and accumulate the chlorophyll precursor protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in cotyledons. Upon exposure to light, Pchlide is rapidly converted to chlorophyll to initiate photoautotrophic growth. In this light-regulated de-etiolation process, multiple endogenous phytohormones are also involved. Although the co-regulation of seedling greening by light and hormones has long been observed, recent studies greatly advanced our understanding of their interplay by identifying the key components connecting these pathways. The integrators, such as PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, ETHYLENE INSENSTIVE 3 and DELLA proteins, are key transcription regulators in light or hormone signaling pathways. This review focuses on these integrators and illustrates the regulatory networks of light and hormone interactions in chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Highlights
Crop seeds are usually buried in soil, whereby post-germinative seedlings become etiolated and grow upward heterotrophically from seed reserves
Chlorophyll is initially biosynthesized from glutamate, which is converted to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and further converted to protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) (Tanaka et al, 2011)
The repression of EIN3 in synthesizing Pchlide is through activating PIF3 transcription, whereas both phyB and COP1 predominantly regulate the protein levels of EIN3
Summary
Crop seeds are usually buried in soil, whereby post-germinative seedlings become etiolated and grow upward heterotrophically from seed reserves. Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Regulated by Light and Hormones exposure, causing photooxidative damage to the seedlings (op den Camp et al, 2003; Huq et al, 2004; Chen et al, 2013; Zhong et al, 2014). Light is the main environmental factor that regulates the pathway of chlorophyll biosynthesis, while plant hormones are recruited to mediate the developmental switch of de-etiolation.
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