Interplay Among Hydrogen Sulfide, Nitric Oxide, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Mitochondrial DNA Oxidative Damage.

Dandan Huang,Guangqin Jing,Changbao Chen,Shuhua Zhu,Lili Zhang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.701681

Dandan Huang, Guangqin Jing + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.701681

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Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential signaling roles in cells by oxidative post-translational modification within suitable ranges of concentration. All of them contribute to the balance of redox and are involved in the DNA damage and repair pathways. However, the damage and repair pathways of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are complicated, and the interactions among NO, H2S, ROS, and mtDNA damage are also intricate. This article summarized the current knowledge about the metabolism of H2S, NO, and ROS and their roles in maintaining redox balance and regulating the repair pathway of mtDNA damage in plants. The three reactive species may likely influence each other in their generation, elimination, and signaling actions, indicating a crosstalk relationship between them. In addition, NO and H2S are reported to be involved in epigenetic variations by participating in various cell metabolisms, including (nuclear and mitochondrial) DNA damage and repair. Nevertheless, the research on the details of NO and H2S in regulating DNA damage repair of plants is in its infancy, especially in mtDNA.

Highlights

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion (O2·−), hydroxyl radical (HO·), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are important intercellular signaling agents in living organisms due to their high activity, small size, and high membrane permeability (Porrini et al, 2020)
The redox imbalance causes DNA damage, which in turn exacerbates the imbalance in plants under normal and stress conditions
A great number of studies focus on the roles of NO in DNA damage repair, but the details and mechanisms that NO regulates damage repair are not clear

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion (O2·−), hydroxyl radical (HO·), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are important intercellular signaling agents in living organisms due to their high activity, small size, and high membrane permeability (Porrini et al, 2020). NO can react with O2·− and H2S to produce signaling molecules peroxynitrite and S-nitrothiols, respectively (Hancock, 2017) In plants, all these endogenously generated reactive species appear to play multiple roles in many crucial physiological and biochemical processes (Figure 1), including modulating seed germination, maintaining plant growth and development, regulating plant senescence and fruit ripening, and improving the tolerance to biotic or abiotic stresses (Corpas, 2019b; Huang et al, 2019). Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) alleviates oxidative damage by increasing the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and APX, promoting the transcript level of CsNMAPK and the accumulation of endogenous NO through the MAPK/NO signal pathway in cucumber against excess nitrate stress (Qi et al, 2019). The interactions among H2S, NO, and redox balance are still not precise and need to be further improvised

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN PLANTS

CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS