Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between the accumulation of situations involving interpersonal violence (IV) and psychotic-like experiences. This study explored whether IV is related to aberrant salience (AS), using a sequential mediation model that included memories of relationship with parents (submission, devaluation, and threat; Early Life Experiences Scale (ELES)), ideas of reference (IR), and dissociative symptoms (absorption and depersonalization), and whether the patient/nonpatient condition moderated this effect. The sample was made of 401 participants (including 43 patients with psychotic disorders) aged 18 to 71 years (Mage = 30.43; SD = 11.19). Analysis of a serial multiple mediator model revealed that IR, ELES, absorption, and depersonalization fully mediated the effect of IV on AS, explaining 39% of the variance, regardless of the patient/nonpatient condition. The indirect paths, which place IR and dissociation (especially absorption, the variable to which the IR and ELES lead) in a primordial position for being related to AS, are discussed. This continuum model could be useful for understanding processes related to the onset of psychosis unmoderated by the patient/nonpatient condition.
Highlights
There is a certain consensus on the relationship between childhood trauma and the onset of psychosis [1]
Significant correlations with medium to high effect size were found between interpersonal violence and childhood memories (ELES), as well as between ideas of reference (IR) and dissociative symptoms, in both samples
When the mediating variables were controlled for, the direct effect of interpersonal violence (IV) on aberrant salience (AS) was not statistically significant, which showed full mediation. These results suggest serial multiple mediation, explaining 39% of the variance and partially confirming hyphothesis 2 (H2)
Summary
There is a certain consensus on the relationship between childhood trauma and the onset of psychosis [1]. Situations involving violence, such as physical or sexual abuse, were related to positive symptoms, hallucinations or persecutory ideation [2,3,4]. Violence often does not appear as a single type [5], nor at a single moment in time. That is, it might be present during childhood, maintained, accumulated, or begin later, during adolescence, or adulthood [6]. It might be relevant to consider interpersonal violence globally (physical or sexual abuse, bullying, aggression, and so on) [8], rather than separately, as violence is commonly expressed in several ways on the same person
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