Abstract
Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today's agriculture industry is data-centered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) based technologies redesigned almost every industry including “smart agriculture” which moved the industry from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture methods and creating new opportunities along a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect and pest detection are listed. How this technology helping the growers throughout the crop stages, from sowing until harvesting, packing and transportation is explained. Furthermore, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for crop surveillance and other favorable applications such as optimizing crop yield is considered in this article. State-of-the-art IoT-based architectures and platforms used in agriculture are also highlighted wherever suitable. Finally, based on this thorough review, we identify current and future trends of IoT in agriculture and highlight potential research challenges.
Highlights
To improve the agricultural yield with fewer resources and labor efforts, substantial innovations have been made throughout human history
One feels that the current applications are only scratching the surface and that the real impact of IoT and its uses are not yet witnessed. Still, considering this progress, especially in the near past, we can predict that IoT technologies are going to play a key role in various applications of the agriculture sector. This is because of the capabilities offered by IoT, including the basic communication infrastructure and range of services, such as local or remote data acquisition, cloudbased intelligent information analysis and decision making, user interfacing, and agriculture operation automation
1) ACOUSTIC SENSORS Acoustic sensors offer a miscellaneous appliance in farm management, including soil cultivation, weeding, fruit harvesting, etc.; the main benefit of this technology is its lowcost solutions with fast response, especially when considering portable equipment
Summary
To improve the agricultural yield with fewer resources and labor efforts, substantial innovations have been made throughout human history. Still, considering this progress, especially in the near past, we can predict that IoT technologies are going to play a key role in various applications of the agriculture sector This is because of the capabilities offered by IoT, including the basic communication infrastructure (used to connect the smart objects—from sensors, vehicles, to user mobile devices—using the Internet) and range of services, such as local or remote data acquisition, cloudbased intelligent information analysis and decision making, user interfacing, and agriculture operation automation. Most of the existing articles either provide no insight or show limited focus on the various IoT-based architectures, prototypes, advanced methods, the use of IoT for food quality, and other future issues considering the latest facts and figures This manuscript examines the trends in IoT-based agriculture research and reveals numerous key issues that must be addressed in order to transform the agriculture industry by utilizing the recent IoT developments.
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