Internet Use: In Search of an Addiction

Abstract

Innovative and impressive technological advances coupled with economies of scale have led to the mass availability of personal computers, mobile (cell) phones with integrated web-access, personal organizer and camera, and dedicated games and GPS devices. The common usage and reliance on electronic applications is evident by statistical data indicating that 56% of households own a personal computer and 50% access Internet facilities (US Census Bureau, 2005). In one survey of 4,000 users (Stanford University, 2005), 90% reported using the Internet for email communication followed by 77% for general information, 62% for product information, 36% for entertainment and games, 27% for stock shares, 24% for seeking positions of employment, and 12% for banking purposes. Internet is now consolidated as a necessary and standard business and communication tool with wireless technology improving mobility and enhancing easy access to the Internet. The potential for misuse and inappropriate and excessive use of certain computer applications has led to the expression of concerns related to the psychological and behavioural impact of the Internet on individuals. We find reference in media reports referring to complaints from commercial enterprises of email and Internet use leading to inefficiencies and reduced productivity, termination of employment or prosecutions resulting from the access to illegal/inappropriate websites, parental complaints related to children and adolescents becoming socially withdrawn and secluded through excessive time spent on computers, and educators and health professional concerned about the impact of computer usage on education and the physical health and obesity levels. Within this context emerges the claim from mental health professionals that a proportion of individuals develop a Fbehavioural_ addiction to computers (Shotton, 1991; Griffiths, 1996) and Internet use (Young, 1996). The concept of humanmachine Ftechnological_ addiction, it is argued, is a natural extension of behavioural or non-chemical group of addictions containing the core elements defining addiction