Internet of things (IoT) based aquaponics management system adaptive to climate change

Abstract

The rapid growth of population, a decrease of agricultural land, global climate change, and immobilization of food supplies due to the pandemic have led to increasing demand for food supplies. To address food security, sustainable climate-smart agriculture has been very popular. This includes the Aquaponics system, a food production system in which fish and plants are grown in a simulated closed ecosystem. In this system, the wastes from the fish in the water containing nitrogen are converted to fertilizer foods for the plants along with the process of filtering the water to be recycled back into the tank. However, the aquaponics system should be a balanced environment where fishes and plants thrive properly. To achieve this, the present study on the Internet of Things (IoT) based aquaponics system plays a significant role. The microcontroller-based system can monitor the water quality in terms of PH, temperature, and oxygen level of the water using various sensors. It can then automatically control the actuators based on the sensor parameters regulating the water. It has web and mobile applications that enable user-friendly remote connections with cloud-based data repository features. It can work in autonomy where it can immediately rectify aberrations promptly based on any changes in the parameters of the water. Furthermore, the system uses solar power. The experts and users gave an average approval rating of 4.32 that implies the reliability, efficiency, applicability, portability, and economic feasibility of the system.