Abstract
Integration of renewable energy and optimization of energy use are key enablers of sustainable energy transitions and mitigating climate change. Modern technologies such the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a wide number of applications in the energy sector, i.e, in energy supply, transmission and distribution, and demand. IoT can be employed for improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, and reducing environmental impacts of the energy use. This paper reviews the existing literature on the application of IoT in in energy systems, in general, and in the context of smart grids particularly. Furthermore, we discuss enabling technologies of IoT, including cloud computing and different platforms for data analysis. Furthermore, we review challenges of deploying IoT in the energy sector, including privacy and security, with some solutions to these challenges such as blockchain technology. This survey provides energy policy-makers, energy economists, and managers with an overview of the role of IoT in optimization of energy systems.
Highlights
Industrial revolutions can be divided into four phases
We focus on the Internet of Things (IoT) applications that can be generally applicable to most of energy systems without discussing specific cases and their boundary conditions
Energy systems are on the threshold of a new transition era
Summary
Industrial revolutions can be divided into four phases. New sources of energy were discovered to run the machines. The mass extraction of coal and the invention of steam power plants were significant development stages in this phase [1]. The second revolution known as mass production and electricity generation was a period of rapid development in industry, distinguished by large-scale iron and steel production. During this phase, many large-scale factories with their assembly lines were established and formed new businesses [2]. The third revolution introduced computer and the first generation of communication technologies, e.g., telephony system, which enabled automation in supply chains [3]
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