Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) Assisted Reference Evapotranspiration (ETO) Estimations

Rab Nawaz Bashir

doi:10.52584/qrj.1902.13

Abstract

Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) is the amount of irrigation water required by a model crop to grow at its optimal level. ETo determination is a complex process that requires complicated calculations with many variables involved. There is a need to determine the ETo from available environmental conditions. Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) based ETo estimation is proposed. IoT-assisted directly captured temperature data from the crop field is used to estimate the ETo. The estimated ETo can be used in many Precisions Agriculture (PA) applications especially in Precision Irrigation (PI) for measurement of Crop Potential Evapotranspiration (ETc), (irrigation water requirements of specific crops) using crop coefficient (Kc). Naive Bays ML algorithm is applied and evaluated for accurate estimations of ETo. The performance of the ML model is evaluated based on accuracy, f-measures, and recall for ETo estimation. Blaney-Criddle method of ETo measurements is used as a standard approach to benchmark the performance of the ML-based ETo estimations.

Highlights

E VAPOTRANSPIRATION (ETO) rate is the amount of irrigation water required for the successful growth of the crop under the prevailing environmental conditions
The study presented in this paper proposes the ETO estimation from only prevailing temperature data using Machine Learning (ML) capabilities
Reference Evapotranspiration (ETO) determination from minimal environmental conditions is very important in Precision Agriculture (PA) applications

Summary

Introduction

E VAPOTRANSPIRATION (ETO) rate is the amount of irrigation water required for the successful growth of the crop under the prevailing environmental conditions. It is the total amount of water that evaporates from the soil and the plant surface. The amount of irrigation water required for a crop is determined based on ETO. The standard ETO rate of grass crops is called Reference ETO [1]. ETO is used to determine the crop potential of a specific crop [2]. Water is an essential part of agriculture activities and a fundamental element of every ecosystem. Water is the main pillar of every ecosystem from forests

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Conclusion