Abstract
The convergence of the IoT and agriculture has given rise to the concept of smart agriculture, transforming traditional farming practices into data-driven, efficient, and sustainable endeavors. This work provides a comprehensive overview of IoT applications in agriculture, aiming to understand the state of the field, its challenges, and its future prospects. This work discusses the key components of IoT-based smart agriculture, including sensor networks, data analytics, and automation technologies. It highlights the role of IoT in precision farming, resource optimization, and crop monitoring. Moreover, it explores challenges and considerations related to data security, privacy, and the digital divide are thoroughly examined. Also, this work identifies emerging trends such as the integration of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and edge computing in smart agriculture. These innovations promise to further enhance productivity, reduce environmental impact, and ensure food security in an ever-changing world.
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