Abstract
International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future
Highlights
International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Ankara 06511, Turkey 4 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco 56100, Mexico
CIMMYT was established in 1966 and continued the spring wheat shuttle breeding program in Mexico, developing broadly adapted, high-yielding disease resistant germplasm, which was distributed through the International Wheat Improvement Network nurseries
The International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) breeding strategy is based on the need to develop modern competitive winter and facultative bread wheat germplasm, which can complement public and private breeding efforts
Summary
Wheat is a major food crop globally accounting for 18%– 20% of all calories consumed, grown on 218 Mha of land. In Georgia and Kyrgyzstan, reduction in area and yield resulted in substantial production decrease in 2013–2017 As a result, these countries import more than 50% of their wheat grain needs. ME 11 (0.9 Mha) represents irrigated, high rainfall winter wheat areas with moderate to severe cold. CIMMYT was established in 1966 and continued the spring wheat shuttle breeding program in Mexico, developing broadly adapted, high-yielding disease resistant germplasm, which was distributed through the International Wheat Improvement Network nurseries. In 1986, the Government of Turkey and CIMMYT established IWWIP aiming to develop winter wheat germplasm suitable for the CWA, facilitating global germplasm exchange and training wheat breeders and researchers. The objective was to use spring wheat to develop broadly adapted, disease resistant winter cultivars for the major winter and facultative wheat producing areas of the world. The majority of the breeding activities have been conducted in collaboration with public agricultural research institutes
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