Abstract
BackgroundPrimary liver cancer (PLC) is a common cancer worldwide, especially in developing countries. Several previous studies using different datasets have summarized PLC incidence rates and trends in different populations. However, with changes in exposure to risk factors and the implementation of preventive measures, the epidemiology of PLC worldwide may have changed.MethodsWe extended the analyses using the latest data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents over the 35-year period 1973–2007 from 24 populations in Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania using Joinpoint regression analysis. We examined age-standardized rates (ASRs) of PLC by histologic subtypes for both males and females in 24 populations during the period 2003–2007.ResultsWe found that during the period 2003–2007, the highest ASRs for PLC were observed in some Asian populations, ranging from 19.0 to 26.7 per 100,000 in males and 4.8 to 8.7 per 100,000 in females. The international trends between 1973 and 2007 showed that ASRs for PLC were declining in several Asian populations. In contrast, ASRs for PLC were increasing in some European, American and Oceanian populations.ConclusionsAlthough the reasons were not fully clear for these trends, public health measures in Asian populations and HCV transmission in European, American and Oceanian populations were likely to have contributed to these patterns. Meanwhile, other possible risk factors such as the consumption of alcohol, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease should also be concerned for the burden of PLC.
Highlights
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common cancer worldwide, especially in developing countries
Incidence data To examine the changing trends in the incidence of PLC over time, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) by sex were obtained from Volumes 4–10 of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) from the website of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [14,15,16,17,18,19,20] in which all data is publicly available
Classification of PLC from Vols. 4, 5–8 and 9–10 of CI5 was coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 8th (155), 9th (155) and 10th (C22) revisions, respectively
Summary
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common cancer worldwide, especially in developing countries. Several previous studies using different datasets have summarized PLC incidence rates and trends in different populations. It was estimated that for the year 2012, primary liver cancer (PLC) incidence rates ranked fifth in men and ninth in women worldwide [1]. The number of incident cases of PLC was estimated to be 782,000 per year, including 554,000 in men and 228,000 in women [1]. Five-year relative survival rate for USA tends to be 16.6% based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) (2004–2010) Program of the US National Cancer Institute [2]. In China, the age-standardized 5-year relative survival rate for liver cancer was 10.1% [3]. PLC is the major type of liver cancer, which is composed of several histologic
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