Abstract
International trade is the physical movement and electronic transfer of goods and services across national borders. The attributes of trade flows of interest to geographers include the direction, composition, and magnitude of trade. To analyze the geographical aspects, or ‘geographies,’ of international trade patterns, geographers make use of the following core spatial concepts: place, location, distribution, spatial interaction, spatial scale, change, region, and a variety of potentially constraining or limiting forces. Prior to the early 1990s, most of the research by geographers was focused upon commodity movements between countries, with little attention given to the evolving theory of international trade or to the interrelationships that exist between the changing global economy and the geographies of sub-national places. More recently, geographers have begun to intensify their research on international trade, and have been focusing this work at both the macro- and microlevel spatial scales. This research has important implications for world competitiveness, the internationalization and changing spatial structure of economic activities, global–local relationships, government policymaking, and national and regional economic growth and development strategies.
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