Abstract
Globalisation affects the behaviour of managers of companies and brings many new possibilities in management. These changes affect activities related to tax optimization and they can be collectively called as international tax planning. This paper monitors current situation of tax planning activities and its aim is to present a current state of knowledge. It contains data showing high frequency of tax planning activities. There are briefly outlined ways of international tax optimization and attitude of organisations to the tax planning of multinationals corporations. Significant part of this paper is devoted to the overview of literature, which deals with measuring international tax optimization. There are several attitudes in selected studies that can be also used (with adaptation to the different data) for monitoring of situation in the Czech Republic. Overall, the most attitudes use applications of effective tax rate and this rate, which is for every country and corporation different, is a key factor for tax planning decision-making.
Highlights
Tax optimization is a group of activities, which leads to reduction of tax costs
Companies use tax optimization to increase the amount of funds, which can be used according to the needs of the company by several ways
There are studies, which provide identification of countries, which can be considered as tax haven in this part, followed by activities of international organizations affecting tax planning
Summary
Tax optimization is a group of activities, which leads to reduction of tax costs. Companies use tax optimization to increase the amount of funds, which can be used according to the needs of the company by several ways. New technologies bring uncomplicated ways for managers of companies to benefit from multiple legislations of different countries via subsidiaries When it comes to this international dimension, activity of corporation is called international tax planning. Some countries, which can be called tax havens, benefits from these trends and try to attract the largest possible number of companies They use for it several policies including lower tax rate on selected income, special tax regimes, anonymity of owners or simpler accounting obligations (Gravelle, 2015; Bennedsen and Zeume, 2015). These activities lead to tax competition between countries because every government wants to gain foreign investment (Wiebe, 2011). The final part of this paper is dedicated to conclusions based on selected literature
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