International relations in the Horn of Africa (1991–96)

Abstract

The international relations of any region cannot be understood by reference to developments in that region alone, but must be viewed in the context of linkages between systems at various regions and levels. It is the combination of the dynamics within each system and its interaction with other systems — regional and global — that determine the pattern of inter‐state relations. The Horn of Africa is not an exception. Thus, both Markakis, who emphasizes the predominance of internal factors, and Lefebvre, who gives prominence to external factors, each make valid points about the situation in the Horn of Africa (Endnote 1). However, it would be risky to accept either point of view to the exclusion of the other. Another point needs to be made clear. All too often, it is assumed that the interests of foreign powers — especially the superpowers — have determined the course of history in a given region; this is not entirely true. In fact, if one is to judge by the pattern of conflicts and alliances in the Horn of Africa, it is the local dynamics that have had more influence on the actions of foreign powers rather than vice versa. This article will focus on the states of the Horn of Africa ‐ Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti, Uganda — and the linkages between this region and other regions as well as the global system.