International regulations on the transient response of large wind power plants

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the latest requirements imposed by international transmission system operators (TSOs) on the transient response of large wind power plants (WPPs). The grid codes of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Nordic Countries, Spain, UK and USA are covered. Regulations on the transient response of large WPPs can be broadly divided into three groups, including fault ride-through curves, active and reactive power responses during the fault period, and extended range of voltage-frequency variations. This paper also presents a discussion on the ability of different wind generator technologies to fulfill the international regulations. The presented study assists new TSOs to establish their connection requirements for large WPPs or to compare their existing regulations with other TSOs around the world. This work also enables wind turbine manufacturers and wind farm developers to obtain a more precise and consistent understanding from the latest international regulations imposed on large WPPs.