International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report of health care associated infections, data summary of 45 countries for 2015 to 2020, adult and pediatric units, device-associated module

Abstract

Reporting on the INICC study results from 2015 to 2020, conducted in 630 ICUs across 123 cities in 45 countries spanning Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Prospective ICU patient data collected via INICC Surveillance Online System. CDC/NHSN definitions applied for device-associated healthcare-associated infections (DA-HAI). We gathered data from 204,770 patients, 1,480,620 patient-days, 936,976 central line (CL)-days, 637,850 mechanical ventilator (MV)-days, and 1,005,589 urinary catheter (UC)-days. Our results showed 4,270 CL-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), 7,635 ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAP), and 3,005 UC-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). The combined rates of DA-HAIs were 7.28%, and 10.07 DA-HAIs per 1000 patient-days. CLABSI occurred at 4.55 per 1,000 CL-days, VAP at 11.96 per 1,000 MV-days, and CAUTI at 2.91 per 1,000 UC-days. In terms of resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 50.73% resistance to imipenem, 44.99% to ceftazidime, 37.95% to ciprofloxacin, and 34.05% to amikacin. Meanwhile, Klebsiella spp had resistance rates of 48.29% to imipenem, 72.03% to ceftazidime, 61.78% to ciprofloxacin, and 40.32% to amikacin. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus displayed oxacillin resistance in 81.33% and 53.83% of cases, respectively. The high rates of DA-HAI and bacterial resistance emphasize the ongoing need for continued efforts to control them.