International EV policies: A comparative review of strategies in the United States and Nigeria for promoting electric vehicles

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the strategies employed by the United States and Nigeria in promoting electric vehicles (EVs) within their respective national contexts. As the world shifts towards sustainable energy solutions, EVs have emerged as a pivotal component in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Drawing upon a range of scholarly literature, governmental reports, and policy documents, this study examines the policy frameworks, incentives, and challenges faced by both countries in fostering the adoption of EVs. In the United States, a diverse array of federal, state, and local initiatives have been implemented to incentivize EV adoption, including tax credits, rebates, infrastructure investments, and regulatory mandates. Moreover, collaborations between the government, industry stakeholders, and research institutions have facilitated technological advancements and market growth in the EV sector. However, challenges such as range anxiety, high upfront costs, and inadequate charging infrastructure continue to impede widespread adoption. Conversely, Nigeria, while grappling with its own set of socio-economic and infrastructural challenges, has exhibited a nascent interest in promoting EVs as part of its broader sustainable development agenda. Despite lacking a comprehensive national policy framework, various initiatives such as tax exemptions, import duty waivers, and pilot projects have been introduced to stimulate EV uptake. Moreover, Nigeria's abundant renewable energy resources offer a promising opportunity for leveraging EVs to enhance energy security and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Nevertheless, significant barriers such as limited infrastructure, affordability constraints, and institutional capacity gaps pose formidable obstacles to scaling up EV adoption in the country. By juxtaposing the experiences of the United States and Nigeria, this study contributes valuable insights into the diverse approaches and lessons learned in crafting effective international EV policies amidst varying socio-economic contexts. Through a nuanced understanding of the policy landscape, policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers can identify strategies for overcoming barriers and accelerating the transition towards a sustainable transportation paradigm.