Abstract
The necessity of critical communication between intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in different substations led to expanding the Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event protocol (GOOSE) from the local area network (LAN) to the wide area network (WAN). International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850-90-5 has extended GOOSE messages as routable GOOSE (R-GOOSE) messages by adding network and transport layers. Therefore, the communication’s end-to-end latency and reliability against cyberattacks should be addressed.
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