International communication

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge the assistance of Leanne Cannon in the preparation of this paper. Notes This article was originally published in The Journal of International Communication, vol. 10, no. 2, 2004. 1. See also Boulding (1961 Boulding , K. 1961 ‘National images and international systems’ , in J. Rosenau International Politics and Foreign Policy , New York . [Google Scholar]). 2. See also de Sola Pool (1951 de Sola Pool , I. 1951 Symbols of Internationalism , Stanford . [Google Scholar]). 3. See also Merritt (1972 Merritt , R.L. 1972 Communication in International Politics , Urbana , IL : University of Illinois Press . [Google Scholar]). 4. See also White (1968 White , R.K. 1968 Nobody Wanted War , Garden City , NY . [Google Scholar]). 5. This special issue of The Annals is devoted to articles on the roles, techniques, instrumentalities and agencies of propaganda. 6. For a comprehensive bibliography using communication data and event data in international relations see Burrowes et al (1971 Burrowes , R. , Hoggard , G.D. , Leng , R.J. , Mowlana , H. , Peterson , S. , Phillips , W.R. & Richman , A. 1971 Event-Interaction Analysis: Selected Bibliography of Recent Research, American Political Science Association Annual Meeting , Chicago , September . [Google Scholar]). 7. See also Zinnes (1968 Zinnes , D.A. 1968 ‘The expression and perception of hostility in prewar crisis: 1914’ , in J.D. Singer Quantitative international Politics , New York . [Google Scholar]). 8. See also Osgood (1962 Osgood , C.E. 1962 An Alternative to War or Surrender , Urbana . [Google Scholar]). For the theoretical bases see Heider (1964 Heider , E. 1964 ‘Attitudes and cognitive organization’ , Journal of Psychology , 24 . [Google Scholar]) and Newcomb (1953 Newcomb, T.M. 1953. An approach to the study of communicative acts. Psychological Review, 60: 393–404. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). [9. For examples of development using small group communication and workshops in international communication and international relations during this time see Doob (1969 Doob, L. 1969. The Fermeda Workshop: A different approach to border conflicts on Eastern Africa. Journal of Psychology, 73: 249–266. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Walton (1970), Doob et al (1969 Doob, L. 1969. The Fermeda Workshop: A different approach to border conflicts on Eastern Africa. Journal of Psychology, 73: 249–266. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Kelman (1972 Kelman , H. 1972 ‘Problem solving workshop in conflict resolution’ , in R.L. Merritt Communication in International Politics , Urbana , IL . [Google Scholar]). 10. See also Mead (1961 Mead , G.H. 1961 ‘The social foundations and functions of thought and communication’ , in T. Parsons et al. Theories of Society , New York . [Google Scholar]). 11. For UNESCO publications in this area see Mowlana (1971 Mowlana , H. 1971 lnternational Communication: A Selected Bibliography , Dubuque , Iowa [Google Scholar]), pp.86–87. 12. See also Almond and Powell (1966 Almond , G. & Powell , G.B. 1966 Comparative Politics: A Development Approach , Boston . [Google Scholar]). 13. See also Fagen's three articles on mass communication in Journalism Quarterly, Autumn 1964, Winter 1964 and Spring 1965. 14. See also Mishra (1971 Mishra, V.M. 1971. Mass media variables related to urbanization and modernization in developing areas. Journalism Quarterly, 48: 513–518. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). 15. See also Deutsch (1963 Deutsch , K.W. 1963 The Nerves of Government , New York . [Google Scholar]). 16. Other discussion includes Rapaport (1960 Rapaport , A. 1960 Fights, Games, and Debates , Ann Arbor , Mich . [Google Scholar]). 17. For international communicators and foreign correspondents see Mowlana (1971 Mowlana , H. 1971 lnternational Communication: A Selected Bibliography , Dubuque , Iowa [Google Scholar]), Chapter X. 18. See also the special issue of the Stanford Journal of International Studies (June 1970) devoted to telecommunication.