Abstract
With the globalization of the world economy, international innovation collaboration has taken place all over the world. This study selects three emerging technologies (3D printing, big data and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology) among 20 countries as the research objects, using three patent-based indicators and network relationship analysis to reflect international collaboration patterns. Then we integrate empirical analyses to show effecting factors of international collaboration degrees by using panel data. The results indicate that while 3D printing technology is associated with a “balanced collaboration” mode, big data technology is more accurately described by a radial pattern, centered on the United States, and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology exhibits “small-world” characteristics in this respect. It also shows that the factors GDP per capita (GPC), R&D expenditure (RDE) and the export of global trade value (ETV) negatively affect the level of international collaboration. It could be useful for China and other developing countries to make international scientific and technological collaboration strategies and policies in the future.
Highlights
With the globalization of the world economy and the internationalization of innovation resources, international collaboration has taken place all over the world [1]
The results indicate that while 3D printing technology is associated with a “balanced collaboration” mode, big data technology is more accurately described by a radial pattern, centered on the United States, and carbon nanotubes and graphene technology exhibits “small-world” characteristics in this respect
It shows that the factors Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (GPC), research and development (R&D) expenditure (RDE) and the export of global trade value (ETV) negatively affect the level of international collaboration
Summary
With the globalization of the world economy and the internationalization of innovation resources, international collaboration has taken place all over the world [1]. Both professional progress and knowledge extension could be provided by scientific collaboration [2]. Vessuri [3] concluded that international innovation collaboration has a positive impact on increasing technology professionalization. As one form of technology professionalization, emerging technologies need international innovation collaboration to fully develop. The latest technological achievements could be reflected by patents, which include meaningful information of international innovation collaboration [6, 7]. The patent citation is helpful to understand the PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0167772 December 2, 2016
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