Abstract
The impact of both natural and human factors on marine ecosystems and biological resources is often transboundary and therefore the corresponding management is based on international agreements and effected by international organizations. Traditionally the international collaboration is based on the scientific knowledge which has been highly appreciated at solving problems related to the Baltic Sea. The issues of regulating human activities at global scale can be addressed by the UN system (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas – UNCLOS; International Maritime Organization – IMO, etc.). There are several organizations that establish regional cooperation – Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission – Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), Baltic Marine Biologists (BMB), Baltic Oceanographers (CBO), fisheries organizations, etc. The most important organization responsible for increasing scientific knowledge in the marine environment and its living resources and to use this knowledge to provide advice to competent authorities is the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) which is the first intergovernmental science organization in the world, founded on 22 July 1902.
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