Internalized HIV-related stigma in women of color obtaining care at an HIV specialty center in Los Angeles County, California

Abstract

ABSTRACT The current study examined the role of internalized HIV-related stigma in antiretroviral therapy adherence, viral load, and retention in care among women of color living with HIV in Los Angeles County, California. African American and Hispanic/Latino women 18 years of age and older completed a one-time brief survey between September 2017 and February 2018. Descriptive statistics, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Seventy-six participants enrolled in the study and 74 completed the entire survey. Seventy-six percent of respondents were Hispanic/Latino, 24% were African American, 71% were unemployed, and 54% had less than a high school education. Thirty-five percent were defined as having “high” stigma with a score in the upper quartile of the scale. Being unemployed, having a high school education or less, and not meeting the Health Resources and Services Administration’s annual retention in care measure were associated with “high” stigma. When controlling for education and employment status, those reporting “high” stigma vs. “low” stigma were 18.8 times more likely to not meet the criteria for annual retention in care (OR = 18.8, 95% CI = 1.9–189.2, p = 0.013). Stigma-reduction interventions targeting healthcare settings may be necessary to improve patient retention and engagement in care.