Abstract
We study the thermal effect on skin exposed to an electromagnetic beam of time-dependent power. We consider two types of beam power time schedules. In the controlled temperature exposure, the skin surface temperature is increased quickly to a prescribed level using a high beam power; then the surface temperature is maintained at the prescribed level by adjusting the beam power adaptively. In the constant power exposure, the applied beam power is relatively low and stays unchanged over the time. We start both types of exposures at the same time and compare their internal temperatures of skin when they have the same surface temperature. In a non-dimensionalized formulation, we show that at the moment when both exposure types reach the same prescribed surface temperature level, the controlled temperature exposure has a higher internal temperature at all depths. This conclusion is mathematically rigorous and is independent of skin material properties.
Highlights
In many medical applications, such as cancer hyperthermia, patients are exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation [1]
We study the thermal effect on skin exposed to an electromagnetic beam of time-dependent power
We considered the thermal effect on skin exposed to an electromagnetic beam
Summary
In many medical applications, such as cancer hyperthermia, patients are exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation [1]. On the skin surface and at any given depth, the beam center line has the highest temperature In this mathematical study, we allow the beam power to vary with time. Based on the solution for time-varying beam power, in Section 3 we develop the mathematical scheme for adjusting the beam power to maintain the surface temperature at the prescribed level. We run simulations to implement the control scheme and to demonstrate numerically that the beam power is a decreasing function of time in the controlled temperature exposure A key observation is that when both exposures have the same surface temperature, the controlled temperature exposure always has the higher internal temperature at all depths The main conclusions in this study are independent of skin material properties and independent of prescribed temperature level
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