Abstract
The initiation of protein translation on eukaryotic messenger RNAs predominantly follows the first AUG rule, as described by KOZAK (1989b). This states that the ribosome begins scanning an RNA molecule from its extreme 5’ end until it encounters an AUG codon, at which point translation is initiated. In eukaryotes, mRNA molecules usually carry an m7GpppG cap structure at their 5’ terminus. This 5’ cap-structure strongly enhances translation, as it facilitates binding of translation initiation factors and the 40S ribosome subunit to the mRNA (reviewed by PAIN 1996; SACHS et al. 1997). The scanning process, or 3’ movement of the 40S ribosome subunit along the RNA in search of an AUG codon, is inhibited by very stable RNA structures. Also, AUG codons positioned between the 5’ terminus and the AUG codon initiating a specific coding region reduce the efficiency of translation.
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