Internal quality assessment of mango fruit: an automated grading system with ensemble classifier

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this work, a non-destructive and automated mango grading system model is developed for grading the mangoes into three categories depending on their internal features like Soluble Solid Content (SSC) as well as Total Acid Content (TAC). Initially, the prepared database is de-noised with the proposed adaptive Gaussian noise removal approach. Then, the Gray Level Co Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Gray Level Run-Length Matrix (GLRM) features, and Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy features were extracted. As the curse of dimensionality persists, a patch-based Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model for dimensionality reduction is introduced. Subsequently, the dimensional reduced features are subjected to aproposed ensemble classifier that encompasses: ‘Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), three Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)’. The weight of the third ANN is optimally-tuned by a novel improved meta-heuristic model depicting the Lion-Binary crossover mask base Whale Optimization (LBWO) Algorithm.