Abstract
The globalization of the higher education has resulted in the rise of private universities in Malaysia. As it is the aim of the country to be an international hub for higher education, the role of lecturers has become pivotal in the success of this industry. Literature has indicated that internal push factors such as role stress factors and attraction to various external factors may have a significant effect on employees’ turnover intention. This study examines the impact of three internal push factors--role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict--and four external pull factors--job opportunity, compensation, working location, and university image--on lecturers’ turnover intention. Data were obtained from 401 lecturers of private universities via self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of this study reveal that internal role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict and external working location have a significant relationship with lecturers’ turnover intention respectively. The findings indicate that internal push factors play a much more significant role than external pull factors on lecturers’ turnover intention. Implications of the research findings were discussed.
Highlights
1.1 The Higher Education IndustryIn the year of 2010, Malaysia ranked 11th place worldwide as a destination for international students
The results show that compensation loaded as the first factor, working location as the second factor, university image as the third factor and job opportunity as the fourth factor
This study found that role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict and working location were significant predictors of lecturers’ turnover intention
Summary
1.1 The Higher Education IndustryIn the year of 2010, Malaysia ranked 11th place worldwide as a destination for international students. The Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) recorded a total number of 80,919 international students from more than 20 countries in that year. In the year of 2013, the total number of international students increased to 135,502 from more than 160 countries. Out of this number, 74,996 international students were studying in the private institutes of higher education (“Malaysia has one of the highest”, 2015). The education sector contributed approximately RM27 billion, which is 4% of the country’s gross national income (MOHE, 2015). The Malaysian government continues to expand its higher education sector to meet its target of becoming a high-income nation by 2020
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