Abstract
Internal migration is defined and distinguished as to its causes and consequences. Most migration research deals with causes. Migration rates are compared across industrialized countries (with Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States shown to have high rates, but with US rates that have declined considerably in recent years), and various migration patterns are described, especially with respect to age and education. Migration rates are shown to fall with age after the early twenties and to rise sharply with education. Different theoretical perspectives on migration are discussed (namely, the disequilibrium and the equilibrium perspective). Moreover, various theories of migration are noted, with the human capital model singled out for special attention. Empirical findings consistent and inconsistent with this model are discussed. Several pressing questions regarding internal migration are offered, and the state of knowledge regarding the answers to these questions is discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of internal migration policies in Europe and in the United States and notes some critical issues concerning these policies.
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