Internal migration and its impact on the development of social infrastructure in rural areas of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Features of functioning of the real sector of economy are associated with stable potential of rural areas. Therefore, one of the strategic directions of the State is the solution of demographic problems, increasing the income level of rural population by optimizing the facilities and conditions necessary for the villagers. The goal is to analyze the state of demographic and internal migration in the regions, show measures to regulate the income of the villagers. Methods – economic and statistical, analytical, logical, information on the industry, enterprise reporting. Results – the current situation in provision of social engineering infrastructure in rural areas for sustainable regional development has been studied. The reasons for the occurrence of internal migration and demographic complications under the influence of infrastructure obsolescence, low quality of life, and wages are scientifically justified. Studies have been conducted and assessment of the aging index in the country from 2016 to 2021 has been presented. The relevance of the issues of demography and migration in the northern regions (North Kazakhstan, Kostanay, East Kazakhstan) is indicated. Conclusions – internal migration, urbanization, aging processes, shortage of personnel in many regions of Kazakhstan due to varying degrees of provision of services in social sphere of the village and city, indicator of well-being, reduction in the income of rural population which is twice lower than average wage - the primary tasks that need to be addressed as soon as possible. Recommendations have been developed to achieve optimal spatial combination of RS and urban agglomerations, establish criteria for rural and urban areas. The authors note that it is necessary to optimize the State migration policy. It is important to stimulate the process of resettlement of city residents to agricultural areas. To do this, it is important to create attractive jobs, career opportunities and high incomes.