Internal, corneal, and refractive astigmatism as prognostic factors for intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation in mild to moderate keratoconus

Abstract

To improve the predictability of the visual and refractive outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in keratoconus patients and highlight the importance of internal astigmatism and its relationship to corneal and refractive astigmatism as prognostic factors. Vissum Corporación, Alicante, and Centro de Oftalmología Barrquer, Barcelona, Spain. Retrospective case series. Visual, refractive, topographic, and aberrometric variables were evaluated in eyes having ICRS implantation. The eyes were divided into 2 groups according to the relative position of the keratometric axis and refractive axis; that is, coincident axis (0 degree ± 15 [SD]) or uncoincident axis. Internal astigmatism was calculated by vectorial analysis. The relationship between topographic astigmatism and refractive astigmatism was evaluated. The follow-up was 6 months. Of the 127 eyes evaluated, 79 had grade II keratoconus and 48 had grade I keratoconus. Statistically significant differences were found in the relative position of the refractive axis and keratometric axis (P=.017). Internal astigmatism had a significant correlation with the gain in visual acuity in patients with grade II keratoconus (r = -0.455, P=.0001). This relationship was less significant in patients with grade I keratoconus (r = -0.391, P=.021). The predictability of visual and refractive outcomes can be significantly increased in grade II keratoconus patients when the relative position of the keratometric and refractive axes; the internal, corneal, and refractive astigmatism; and their combinations are used as prognostic factors. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.