Internal Combustion Engine Analysis of Energy Ecological Parameters by Neutrosophic MULTIMOORA and SWARA Methods

Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas,Alfredas Rimkus,Audrius Čereška,Romualdas Bausys,Jonas Matijošius

doi:10.3390/en12081415

Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Alfredas Rimkus + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081415

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Journal: Energies	Publication Date: Apr 12, 2019
Citations: 38	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University

Abstract

The investigation for new innovative solutions to reduce transport pollution is a priority for the European Union (EU). This study includes energy and a sustainable environment, as well as transport, logistics, and information and communication technologies. Energy ecological parameters of internal combustion depend on many factors: fuel, the fuel injection time, engine torque, etc. The engine’s energy ecological parameters were studied by changing engine torques, using different fuels, and changing the start of the fuel injection time. The selection of the optimum parameters is a complex problem. Multicriteria decision-making methods (MCDM) present powerful and flexible techniques for the solution of many sustainability problems. The article presents a new way of tackling transport pollution. The analysis of the energy ecological parameters of the experimental internal combustion engine is performed using the neutrosophic multi-objective optimization by a ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) and step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) methods. The application of MCDM methods provides us with the opportunity to establish the best alternatives which reflect the best energy ecological parameters of the internal combustion engine.

Highlights

The European Union (EU) directives govern the mandatory increase in the share of biofuels in overall fuel consumption
As the oxygenate concentration increases in fuel, the physic-chemical properties of the fuel mixture change and, the fuel becomes more volatile, changes its injection characteristics, reduces the heat content of the fuel mixture, and increases fuel consumption (Table 4 shows the results of the experiments)
The first problem corresponds to the first case of the experiments, where the first problem corresponds to start of fuel injection before top dead center (TDC), 0 (◦ CA); engine torque, 30 (Nm), the second problem corresponds to start of fuel injection before TDC, 0 (◦ CA); engine torque, 60 (Nm), etc

Summary

Introduction

The European Union (EU) directives govern the mandatory increase in the share of biofuels in overall fuel consumption. This is a crucial political aspect of the assurance of EU energy saving and environmental requirements. The “polluter pays” principle, which was transposed from EU directives to national legislation, is valid throughout the EU [2]. Both heavy transport and passenger cars [3] with strict regulation of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions [4] are subject to these requirements.

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