Intermolecular Forces in Introductory Chemistry Studied by Gas Chromatography, Computer Models, and Viscometry

Abstract

An experiment on intermolecular forces for first-term introductory college chemistry is presented. The experiment integrates traditional viscometry-based measurements with modern chromatographic analysis and use of computer-based molecular models. Students performing gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of mixtures of n-alkanes and samples that simulate crime scene evidence discover that liquid mixtures can be separated rapidly into their components based upon intermolecular forces. Each group of students is given a liquid sample that simulates one collected at an arson scene, and the group is required to determine the identity of the accelerant. Students also examine computer models to better visualize how molecular structure affects intermolecular forces: London forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The relative viscosities of organic liquids are also measured to relate physical properties to intermolecular forces.