Abstract
The first act of any photochemical and photophysical process is the absorption of a photon by a molecule (equation (1)). The excited state that $$A+hv\to*A$$ (1) is formed in this way is a high energy, unstable species which must undergo some type of deactivation [1]. As shown in figure 1, excited state deactivation can occur via (i) disappearance of the original molecule and formation of products (photochemical reaction), (ii) emission of light (radiative deactivation, also called luminescence), (iii) degradation of excess energy into heat (nonradiative deactivation), and (iv) some type of interaction with other species present in the solution (quenching processes).
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