Interlinking of Lakes to Combat Impacts of Climate Change

Abstract

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5, 2014), the global mean temperature may increase up to 4 °C by 2100, and will severely affect the availability of water resources and the water demand across the world. Understanding of the hydrological impacts of climate change enables water resource managers to make robust decisions on future policy adaptations. The concept of inter-basin transfer on a large scale has been under consideration for some time. In the present scenario there is great increase in demand for fresh water; thus, proper planning for conservation and judicious utilization is important to create balance between the availability and demand of water supply. Maharashtra State Adaptation Action Plan on Climate Change (MSAAPCC) for water resources sector recommended concrete efforts on conservation and renaturalisation of rivers and water bodies, enhancement of water storage and groundwater recharge and improvement of water use efficiency. Bhandara District of state of Maharashtra (India) is called as a district of lakes due to the existence of hundreds of lakes in the district called as Mama or Malguzari lakes. These lakes are developed in pre-independence era by the Gond king of the region for the purpose of irrigation and drinking purposes. These lakes were managed by the people; however, after independence, they came under the control of the govt and most of them got encroached or faced lack of attention and care by the local people. The district is being developed in various sectors and also the population is increasing in unpresented way leading to increased demand for water. The climate change has started showing signs; number of extreme weather events are increasing; recently, Bhandara received 186 mm of rainfall in a day; some of the areas in the district are facing the issues related to availability and quality of water irrespective of receiving average annual rainfall of more than 1100 mm. The linking of the lakes in the Bhandara District, Maharashtra, in a scientific manner using advanced tools and techniques will pave the way for sustainable development of water resources and its management. The linking of lakes will lead to creation of carbon sinks, enhancement of biodiversity, mitigation of drought and flood, and enhancement of food security. Peoples’ participation and multipronged approach on Awareness, action and accountability will hold the key to success through localization of SDGs as recommended by NITI Aayog, Govt. of India. The proposed integrated SWAT-MODFLOW model will provide scientific insights required for cost effective planning for interlinking and management of lakes in the region. The outcome of the study can be used as a rule base for adoption and development of similar proposals in the suitable areas in other regions.