Abstract
Allergic diseases, which include asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic keratoconjunctivitis, seriously affect the quality of life of people all over the world. Recently, interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been found to play an important role in these refractory disorders, mainly by inducing T helper (Th) 2 immune responses. This article reviews the mobilization and biological function of IL-33 in allergic disorders, providing novel insights for addressing these hypersensitive conditions.
Highlights
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which belongs to the larger family of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, has been considered as an ‘alarmin’
This review summarizes current findings regarding IL-33 and discusses its pathogenic role in allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic keratoconjunctivitis
The data available in several studies suggests that IL-33 acts as a possible pathogenic role in allergic diseases (Table 1)
Summary
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which belongs to the larger family of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, has been considered as an ‘alarmin’. Increasing genomewide association studies have reported the loci of IL-33 gene plays important roles in susceptibility of several diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis It can aggravate allergic diseases by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines production and Th2 type immune cell activation. Further study in vitro found IL-33-stimulated MCs expressed IL-2 and the latter promoted expansion of numbers of Treg cells, thereby suppressing development of papain- or IL-33-induced airway eosinophilia [38]. Epicutaneous peanut exposure induces cytokine expression dependent on the IL-33-ST2 signaling in DCs and T cells, and resulted in the skin sensitization to the food allergens, suggesting IL-33 may mediate food allergy through skin route in early life [96,97]. IL-33 inhibitors may be important candidates to bring therapeutic function in EoE patients
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