Interleukin 32 as a New Biomarker for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) now refers to a spectrum of liver diseases that ranges from steatosis (i.e., fatty infiltration of the liver) to Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ie, steatosis with inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis, to fibrosis and cirrhosis with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis, which is cirrhosis that cannot be explained by hepatitis, alcohol abuse, toxin exposure, autoimmune disease, congenital liver disease, vascular outflow obstruction, or biliary tract disease. Objective To study serum levels of interleukin 32 in patients with NAFLD to detect its relation to the incidence and severity of NAFLD. Patients and Methods Type of Study: Case control study. Study Setting: The study will be conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Study Period: The study will take place from January 2019 to October 2019. To obtain this aim, we included 80 persons & divided them into 2 groups: Group I: 40 patients with NAFLD as a case group. Group II: 40 healthy subjects as a control group. We can sum up our results in the following points: Weight, BMI and Waist circumference were significantly higher among case group when compared with the control group (p < 0.001 for all). While there was non statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Height. Results The best cut off point of Interleukin 32 Concentration (ng\ml) to detect Cases group was > 22.5 with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 87.50%, PPV of 88.9%, NPV of 100% and total accuracy of 98.2%. The best cut off point of Interleukin 32 Concentration (ng\ml) to detect High group was found ≤165 with sensitivity of 90.91%, specificity of 28.57%, PPV of 85.7%, NPV of 40% and total accuracy of 55.8%. The best cut off point of Interleukin 32 Concentration (ng\ml) to detect Indeterminant group was ≤75 with sensitivity of 48.48%, specificity of 85.71%, PPV of 94.1%, NPV of 26.1% and total accuracy of 62%. Conclusion Interleukin 32 can be considered as a diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases with sensitivity of 100% and total accuracy of 98.2%. Interleukin 32 Concentration was found to be negatively correlated with serum Albumin level. Although, We found no correlation between Interleukin 32 Concentration & each of Fatty Liver Index score, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases Fibrosis Score and PAUS Size.