Interleukin-22 Prevents Microbial Dysbiosis and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Regeneration Following Acute Injury.

Abstract

Intestine barrier disruption and bacterial translocation can contribute to sepsis and multiple organ failure, leading causes of mortality in burn-injured patients. In addition, findings suggest that ethanol (alcohol) intoxication at the time of injury worsens symptoms associated with burn injury. We have previously shown that interleukin-22 (IL-22) protects from intestinal leakiness and prevents overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria following ethanol and burn injury, but how IL-22 mediates these effects has not been established. Here, utilizing a mouse model of ethanol and burn injury, we show that the combined insult results in a significant loss of proliferating cells within small intestine crypts and increases Enterobacteriaceae copies, despite elevated levels of the antimicrobial peptide lipocalin-2. IL-22 administration restored numbers of proliferating cells within crypts, significantly increased Reg3β, Reg3γ, lipocalin-2 AMP transcript levels in intestine epithelial cells, and resulted in complete reduction of Enterobacteriaceae in the small intestine. Knockout of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT3) in intestine epithelial cells resulted in complete loss of IL-22 protection, demonstrating that STAT3 is required for intestine barrier protection following ethanol combined with injury. Together, these findings suggest that IL-22/STAT3 signaling is critical to gut barrier integrity and targeting this pathway may be of beneficial clinical relevance following burn injury.